Drawing, by Ted Hughes

For my first post I haven chosen a poem by Ted Hughes, taken from his collection Birthday Letters. It was probably the first book of poetry I read cover to cover, frantically turning pages as if I was reading the latest Scandi-thriller. I was introduced to the collection by an incredible teacher who gave it to our class because there was hardly any criticism available on it. We could approach these strange and exciting poems with complete freedom, and Birthday Letters has been a 'familiar foreign object' on my bookshelf ever since.


Drawing

Drawing calmed you. Your poker infernal pen 
Was like a branding iron. Objects
Suffered into their new presence, tortured 
Into final position. As you drew
I felt released, calm. Time opened
When you drew the market at Benidorm.
I sat near you, scribbling something.
Hours burned away. The stall-keepers
Kept coming to see you had them properly.
We sat on those steps, in our rope-soles,
And were happy. Our tourist novelty
Had worn off, we knew our own ways
Through the town’s runs. We were familiar
Foreign objects. When he’d sold his bananas
The banana seller gave us a solo
Violin performance on his banana stalk.
Everybody crowded to praise your drawing.
You drew doggedly on, arresting details,
Till you had the whole scene imprisoned.
Here it is. You rescued for ever
Our otherwise lost morning. Your patience,
Your lip-gnawing scowl, got the portrait
Of a market–place that still slept
In the Middle Ages. Just before
It woke and disappeared
Under the screams of a million summer migrants
And the cliff of dazzling hotels. As your hand
Went under Heptonstall to be held
By endless darkness. While my pen travels on
Only two hundred miles from your hand,
Holding this memory of your red, white-spotted bandana, 

Your shorts, your short-sleeved jumper —
One of the thirty I lugged around Europe —
And your long brown legs, propping your pad,
And the contemplative calm
I drank from your concentrated quiet,
In this contemplative calm
Now I drink from your stillness that neither
Of us can disturb or escape.



What I find most enticing about this poem is the unsettled and unsettling feeling that runs through it; it is a feeling that hangs over this entire collection, from the personal narratives that are presented, to the juxtaposition of domestic familiarity and the embers of volatility in this particular poem. In ‘Drawing’, Hughes invites us to remember something with him - a single memory stretched out across three perspectives. There is the imagined present of Hughes as he makes the poem, a recalled past of the scene itself embodied by the repeated addresses of a first person 'I', and the 'you' who is the third figure in the poem. Hughes creates a nestled box of scenes. The poem is a memory of one scene in which the Hughes-speaker recalls another scene of Plath drawing the market-place, which itself is being 'tortured into final position' by Plath and her 'branding iron.' For Hughes, 'time opened' as Plath drew, and for the reader it opens as he writes.

In his opening lines Hughes initiates several core ideas. This poem is about capturing images, about seeing, witnessing, recording and remembering. We have Hughes' own 'scribbling', Plath's 'arresting details', stall-keepers checking up on their painted doubles - this is anecdotal ekphrasis. To me, this act of ekphrasis denotes a repeated transfer of creative energy, as the various figures feed off one another’s vitality and artistic output. Plath desperately arrests her characters into position, and many years later Hughes molds her into one of the characters she originally sought to capture, as she becomes the focus of this particular piece of art. At first Hughes leads us to believe that this is a poem of tranquility, of a quiet moment shared between two lovers. The tone is outwardly peaceful and the simplicity of the opening statement ‘Drawing calmed you’ emphasises that idea. In the fifth line Hughes’ own emotions mirror his description of Plath’s, as he felt ‘released, calm.’ Yet, the half-line ‘I felt released, calm’ is emblematic of the shifting meanings operating in the poem. In the ostensibly peaceful scene there is an undercurrent of energy that is both creative and unstable. The parataxis of the half-line places the two units of meaning alongside one another, and so it initially appears that in this context, Hughes’ ‘calm’ is synonymous with his ‘release.’ However, the enjambment of the line connects the idea of ‘release’ with the language of the preceding clause, in which Hughes uses this striking sentence:

                                    Objects
Suffered into their new presence, tortured
Into final position.


For me, Hughes associates the feeling of ‘release’ with a sense of gratifying exhilaration as well as a sense of calm. The semantic field of suffering, torture and imprisonment is almost sadistically pleasurable for Hughes, in that it offers him the ‘release’ and ‘calm’ he needs to write, both in the moment recalled in the poem, and when writing the poem itself. The tone of instability is underpinned by Hughes’ language – the ‘poker infernal pen’, the ‘branding iron’, the ‘hours burned away’, the ‘screams’ of the ‘migrants’ and the ‘lip-gnawing scowl’ of Plath in the ‘endless darkness’ create a hellish scene. Equally, the word ‘suffered’ is subject to a shifting meaning; the idea of something suffered into position reinforces the meta-poetic trope that runs through the poem. To be suffered is to be passive, to endure pain, to be manipulated by a dominant force. In this case, Hughes and Plath both represent a dominant creative force, suffering each other and their surroundings into position like artistic parasites. This parasitic nature is epitomised by their description as ‘familiar foreign objects’ in the market. A foreign object is something unnatural, something that invades the body, something that must be repelled. The phrase perfectly captures the strong duality running through the poem – the juxtaposition between the calm scene and its fiery undertones, the sleepy market and the ‘dazzling’ tourist hotspot, the past and present memory, and between the two writers themselves. To my mind, this neat little utterance perfectly captures the relationship between Hughes and Plath – inextricably drawn together in work and reputation, though constantly at odds.

In the second half of the poem the temporal shifts become more apparent, indicated by the mirrored phrases ‘just before’, ‘as your hand went’ and ‘while my pen travels’. From Plath’s frantic attempts to imprison the life of the market scene, we see Plath herself become imprisoned in death, in the ‘endless darkness.’ The reference to Heptonstall and the site of Plath’s grave is an example of the repeated synecdoche in the poem, including the paralleled phrases of ‘my pen’ and ‘your hand’ representing Hughes and Plath themselves, the descriptions of Plath’s clothing and her ‘long brown legs.’ There is a poignant intimacy in these lines as Hughes searches for something tangible to cling to in these long-gone objects, impossibly ‘holding’ the ‘memory’ as he holds the painting: ‘here it is.’ As Hughes moves through time, seeking and replicating his moments with Plath, his syntax becomes increasingly complex. The caesura in the final ten lines creates an anecdotal tone; the nod to carrying Plath’s luggage around Europe is an almost banal example of married life, stressing the aforementioned juxtaposition between domestic familiarity and the volatility of their relationship. Equally, the anaphoric repetition of ‘and’ drives the meditative sense of recollection, as though Hughes is trying to get closer and closer to a disappearing moment, much like the image of the dissolving market and Plath’s hand in the endless darkness.


Finally, the repeated phrases of ‘contemplative calm’ and ‘concentrated quiet’ structured around the past tense ‘drank’ and present ‘drink’ take us back to the key concept of a continual transfer of creative and emotional energy from Plath to Hughes, even in her ‘stillness.’ Perhaps it is even evocative of the vampiric persona Plath bestows upon Hughes in her own ‘Daddy.’ Despite the enjambment, the final line jars – despite the time passed, Hughes and Plath are still the ‘familiar foreign objects’ they were in that Spanish market, and so neither of them can ‘escape’ one another, or Plath’s fate. In ‘Drawing’, we move deftly from shifting perspectives and time frames to a suspended, bittersweet moment created by and inhabited by Hughes and Plath together. From the sweet recollections of a red-spotted bandana, to the rumbling imprints of a concentrated moment left behind in on a piece of paper, it is a surprisingly heated poem that for me provokes a disconcerting sense of voyeuristic pleasure, even comfort. It's an invitation to be intimate with the pair, as is the whole collection. 

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